<h2>Big Governance Stories from small Towns.</h2>Analysis and examples of what is really happening at Each-Tier of the Governance.

Social Issues

Access to electricity remains a critical challenge for students in many rural areas worldwide, hindering their ability to study after dark. In Tanzania, an innovative solution—solar-powered backpacks made from recycled cement bags—has emerged as a game-changer for education.This initiative, led by Somabags, provides students with a portable solar charging system that powers lights for up to eight hours at night. Given that millions of Indian students still face similar electricity shortages, introducing such a solution in India could significantly improve education accessibility and learning outcomes.<h4>The Case of Solar-Powered Backpacks: A Model for India</h4>Somabags, founded by Innocent Joseph in Tanzania, was born out of the realization that students lacked proper lighting to read at night. The startup, supported by the UNDP’s Funguo Innovation Programme, has created solar-powered backpacks that enable children to charge the solar panel during the day and use the stored energy for light at night. These bags also come with USB charging ports, allowing students to charge small devices.India, with its vast rural population, faces similar challenges. According to the 2021 census, nearly 40 million households in India either lack electricity or suffer from erratic supply. This directly impacts students’ education, particularly in states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand, where power cuts are frequent. By adapting the solar backpack model to Indian conditions, students in remote villages could benefit immensely from a sustainable and affordable lighting solution.

Illuminating Idea - How Solar-Powered Backpacks Can Revolutionize Education in Rural India ?

Nestled in the picturesque Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, Nivaje village stands as a beacon of sustainability. Once heavily reliant on firewood for cooking, this small village has undergone a remarkable transformation. Today, Nivaje is on the path to becoming Maharashtra’s first carbon-neutral village, thanks to a series of innovative, eco-friendly interventions led by the Bhagirath Gramvikas Pratishthan (BGP). This article explores how Nivaje's shift to biogas, bamboo cultivation, and sustainable farming practices have not only improved the environment but also empowered the community economically.<h3>The Transition from Firewood to Biogas</h3><ul><li>For decades, the villagers of Nivaje relied on the forests surrounding them for firewood, with almost 48% of the village area being forested. This practice led to environmental degradation and deforestation, while also putting pressure on women, who had to spend hours collecting firewood. The harmful effects of indoor smoke also posed significant health risks.</li><li>In 2012, under the guidance of BGP, Nivaje began its journey toward sustainability by adopting biogas technology. A local farmer, Dattatraya Sawant, became the first to install a biogas unit in his backyard. Over time, the number of biogas units grew to 140 in Nivaje alone, contributing significantly to reducing the village's carbon footprint.</li></ul><h3> </h3><h3>The Role of Bhagirath Gramvikas Pratishthan (BGP)</h3><ul><li>The NGO Bhagirath Gramvikas Pratishthan, run by Ayurveda physicians Drs. Prasad and Harshada Deodhar, have been the driving force behind this transformation. </li><li>The couple began their work in the village after a visit in 2002, during which they were alerted to the malnutrition and poor living conditions in Nivaje. Realizing the heavy reliance on forest resources for firewood and the environmental challenges, the Deodhars introduced biogas as a sustainable alternative.</li><li>Since then, their efforts have not only helped reduce deforestation but have also brought economic and social benefits to the village. BGP’s work in Nivaje is a testament to how a well-planned grassroots intervention can lead to significant long-term improvements.</li></ul>

First Carbon-Neutral Village :The Journey of Nivaje to Becoming Maharashtra's First Carbon-Neutral Village with No Firewood, No LPG.

According to the 2011 census, 12.5 million people, or 12% of India's total tribal population, live in North East India's 135 recognized tribal tribes with scheduled tribe status. Nowadays, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh are home to the majority of the North East's tribal population. Let's first examine the kinds of disputes that take place in Northeast India: 1. National disputes centered on the idea of a different or unique homeland.2. Ethnic wars, in which several smaller tribal communities use violence against each other and the governments to maintain their political and cultural dominance.3. Sub-regional conflicts in which they ask for the recognition of sub-regional aspirations and these conflicts are directly with the state or central governments. <h3>﻿What is Ethnic violence?</h3>Ethnicity refers to the cultural, linguistic, and even religious traits that define a group of people. Now Ethnic violence refers to the conflict between ethnic tribes and groups of people, It may be in the form of riots, migrations etc. Let us now analyze the depth of the violence in these North Eastern states:﻿Manipur: In 1949, it joined India and, in 1972, it was granted statehood by the Northeast Areas Reorganisation Act of 1971. Records show that there are 35 communities in Manipur, the bulk of them are tribal communities, the Nagas, Khukis, and Meiteis.<ul><li>Another crucial factor to note is that Meiteis make up the bulk of this population. </li><li>Meities now reside in the bountiful valley. The only place for nagas and khukis to live is on hills and mountains.</li><li>The region's demography is made up of hills and valleys; as a result, Maeities live in the fertile lowlands and Nagas and Khukis inhabit the hills.</li><li>Their residence in these regions is justified by the fact that the tribes that were granted scheduled tribe status must be residing in the hilly regions.</li></ul>Now it is obvious that valleys are fewer in this region so Meities have to restrict to confined areas. This is the main reason for the unrest in Manipur as recently seen in the news. The government's stance on including Meities in the scheduled tribes provoked anger among other communities, resulting in ethnic&nbsp;bloodshed.<ul><li>The rebel National Socialist Council (NSCN) of Naga was established in September 1993 as a result of the struggle between the Naga and Kuki.</li><li>This group killed more than 115 kukis about 230 total people were killed in the conflict and about one lakh had to be displaced. This is related to the ethnic dispute which was a land dispute that the Kukis consider as theirs which may be a part of Greater Nagalim.</li></ul>

Reasons for the Ethnic violences in North East India

Today’s article is about an officer who did everything to bring a change around herself with the help of locally available resources and with the help of common people. This story is about fighting malnutrition with the existing system. But first, let’s look at some of the reports related to the health of our children.&nbsp; <h3>What does the Global hunger index report tell us about malnutrition ?</h3><ul><li>India's GHI score 2023 stands at 28.7 and it is categorized as "serious" on the GHI Severity of Hunger Scale.&nbsp;</li><li>Related Data and References about Malnutrition from other reports-</li><li>Child stunting is prevalent at 35.5% according to India's National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019-2021.</li><li>The prevalence of undernourishment in India is 16.6% according to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report 2023.</li><li>India's child wasting rate is a concerning 18.7% according to India’s NFHS 2019-21, the highest among all countries in the report.</li><li>The under-five mortality rate stands at 3.1% according to the United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation January 2023.</li></ul>Geographically if we see, Maharashtra followed by Bihar and Gujarat have the worst levels of malnourishment in children in India. Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Jharkhand have very high rates of undernutrition in India. Incidentally, these regions also have the highest population of children, and the highest poverty rates in the country.<h3> </h3><h3>The Story&nbsp;</h3>So, the story begins in Lunglei, Mizoram. IAS Shiksha Sharma went to Lunglei, Mizoram as its Deputy Commissioner. Everything was going good until one fine day her maid enrolled her then year-old son in an anganwadi. When the little one came home, the officer was surprised to see the packets of uncooked dal and rice that the child was carrying.<ul><li>Investigation revealed that the majority of the children in the anganwadi and nearby schools were undernourished. Furthermore, the officer noticed that the anganwadis were operating under inadequate infrastructure and not serving cooked meals, fresh fruits or veggies which provide essential nutrients to the kids.</li><li>Lunglei is geographically Mizoram’s one of the most backward and disaster-prone districts where monsoons cut off 40 of the 172 villages completely. Most of the produce that enters the district in trucks from Silchar, Assam takes two to three days to arrive. Naturally, these perishable goods are either unfit to consume or too expensive to purchase forcing people to depend largely on the Public Distribution System of the state.&nbsp;</li></ul>As a means to tackle these problems, the officer and her team established “ My School, My farm”, where they set up nutrition gardens in anganwadis and schools. This initiative faced many challenges in the beginning like unavailability of seeds and manure, and lack of access to water for irrigation among others. Yet, her will stayed firm and today, her project has reached more than 713 anganwadis and schools in Mizoram.&nbsp; Under the initiative - “My School, My farm”, the administration used recyclable items for planters, built full-fledged nursery beds, grew leafy greens, and fruits and spices. It also gained the attention of the state administration and central government which is now releasing grants to replicate the model in all anganwadis and schools throughout the state for the betterment of the children.The officer now plans to set up livestock and poultry in these schools and anganwadis so these nutritional gardens become self-sufficient and healthy places.&nbsp;

Fighting Malnutrition: Reviving not reinventing the wheel

I would like to share a historic event related to this topic. In 1952, many students were <a href="http://www.un.org/en/events/motherlanguageday/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: windowtext;">shot</a> by police while demonstrating in defence of their language- <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bengali.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: windowtext;">Bengali</a> (also called Bangla) because these students wanted Bengali to be formally recognised as one of the two national languages in what was then Pakistan and is today Bangladesh.To mark this day, the anniversary of the tragedy is celebrated as <a href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/international-mother-language-day/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: windowtext;">International Mother Language Day</a> on February 21 by UNESCO. This highlights the relevance of mother language or vernacular languages in our lives. <ul><li>According to the census of 2011 in India a total of 121 mother tongues are there, of which 22 languages are included in the eighth schedule of our Indian constitution and account for the mother tongue of 96.72% Indians.</li><li>An analysis of UDISE+ data of 2019-20 shows that states and union territories having seven to two languages of instruction in schools, one of which belongs to states predominantly spoken language and the other one is the English/Hindi.</li><li>The first category include 25 languages and highly preferred by the students and school faculty members for easy explanations &amp; learnings, while English/Hindi is used to explain higher concepts of Science &amp; Mathematics.</li></ul>According to the data of National University for education planning and administration, most Indians prefer to teach children at English medium school.<ul><li>During the year 2003 to 2006, the English language came in third rank as a medium of instruction.</li><li>In 2003 the figure was 54.7 million which increased to 95.1 million in 2006. Hindi language continues to be the most popular language in a state with the speaking people having the larger populations as compared to the other states of India.&nbsp;</li><li>The enrollment data provided by National University for education planning, and administration reveals the facts that around 50% of all secondary schools in India study in Hindi medium options and around 8% of them Use Marathi as a learning medium and 6% of them use English.</li></ul>

How is education in vernacular language important to develop learning & building child's Personality.

Are they both-Unemployment &amp; Joblessness- the same or there is little difference, in the complete analysis of the unemployment rate, its measures, its reasons, the population's response, and its overall impact on economic growth? This topic is a complete package of the economic and political situation of the country.What is Unemployment?In simple terms, unemployment refers to the act of not being in a job, i.e. a person is available to take the job but not getting the job. The person must be out of work and also looking for a job but not getting the job matching their skill will fall in the category of unemployment.Now unemployment is directly related to economic growth.According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), there are three statuses of an individual.<ul><li>Working</li><li>Unemployed</li><li>Jobless </li></ul> Now let us discuss them briefly:Working or Employed: Engaged in any economic activity and getting paid for it. This may also include a person doing work and getting wages for the work.Unemployed: &nbsp;An individual seeking work or available to do the work but unable to get the one. In other terms, it may also include a person or an individual not getting work related to their skill.Jobless: Neither seeking nor available for work. This may include retired people, homemakers, etc.Thus, joblessness is a subset of unemployment.According to the data released in 2020 the median age of the Indian population was 28.4 years. It refers to the age which is the average of the population available to work. The periodic labour force survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) in 2023:This survey concluded that the total unemployment rate has dropped and it is the lowest in the previous three years.But is it correct to say that it is the lowest in three years? We can say that the population has also increased in three years but the data remains the same.Now here comes the concept of Employment elasticity.This concept refers to the position or ability of the economy to generate employment as a percent of its growth process.Recent trends in the data related to unemployment in India:Before moving forward on the trends let us first understand how the unemployment rate is calculated in India Unemployment rate = (No. of unemployed persons / Civilian labour force) x 100&nbsp;According to the data published by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy: <ul><li>&nbsp;In January 2024 the unemployment rate stood at 6.8%</li><li>This indicates the decrease in rate from December 2023 and this decrease is 1.9%.</li><li>&nbsp;Previously in December 2023 this rate was 8.7%.</li></ul>As per the data, the top five Indian states with the highest unemployment rate (in 2023) are:<ul><li>Haryana&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37.4%</li><li>Rajasthan&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;28.5%</li><li>Bihar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19.1%</li><li>Jharkhand&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18%</li><li>Jammu and Kashmir&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14.8%</li></ul>

Big Governance Stories from small Towns.

Markdown Language Sample Blog Post Styling

Markdown Language Sample Blog Post Styling